Exploring the Gut Microbiota: Key Insights Into Its Role in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes.

The gut microbiota (GM) comprising trillions of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, is a key player in the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MS). Human GM is very diverse and plays a pivotal role in host physiology, including nutrient absorption, immune regulation, and energy metabolism. Current data show that GM dysbiosis is linked to increased energy extraction, altered metabolic pathways, and inflammation, contributing to obesity, MS, and T2D. The interplay between dietary habits and GM composition is explored, underscoring the influence of diet on microbial diversity and metabolic functions. The evidence so far advocates for further research to delineate the therapeutic potential of GM modulation in mitigating obesity and metabolic diseases, emphasizing the necessity of clinical trials to establish effective and sustainable treatment protocols.

Exploring the Gut Microbiota: Key Insights Into Its Role in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes.

Sabitha Sasidharan Pillai, MD

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

Chair

Elizabeth N Pearce, MD, MSc

Boston University School of Medicine